English Vocabulary for Endangered Species

Table of Contents

Learning English vocabulary for endangered species is important because it helps us understand the importance of protecting our planet’s precious wildlife. Have you ever wondered why some animals are in danger of disappearing forever? By learning about endangered species, we can become aware of the threats they face and take action to conserve their habitats. Let’s explore the fascinating world of endangered species and discover how we can make a difference in their survival.

Definition and Importance of Endangered Species

1. Endangered species (noun) /ɛnˈdeɪndʒərd ˈspiːʃiːz/: Animals or plants at risk of becoming extinct due to a decline in population, loss of habitat, or other factors.
Example: The giant panda is an endangered species whose survival depends on our efforts to protect its habitat.

2. Threatened species (noun) /ˈθrɛtənd ˈspiːʃiːz/: Animals or plants that are likely to become endangered in the near future if protective measures are not taken to conserve their populations and habitats.
Example: The African elephant is a threatened species due to poaching and habitat loss, which have led to a decrease in its population.

3. Extinction (noun) /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/: The permanent disappearance of a species from the Earth due to the death of all its members.
Example: The dodo bird is an example of a species that has gone through extinction because of human hunting and habitat destruction.

4. Biodiversity (noun) /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrsɪti/: The variety of different species, genes, and ecosystems found in a specific area or on Earth as a whole.
Example: The Amazon rainforest is known for its high biodiversity, hosting thousands of plant and animal species.

5. Conservation (noun) /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən/: The protection and preservation of natural resources, ecosystems, and wildlife to maintain their health and prevent their decline or extinction.
Example: Wildlife conservation efforts, such as establishing nature reserves, can help protect endangered species and their habitats.

6. Ecosystem balance (noun) /ˈikoʊsɪstəm ˈbæləns/: The stable state of an ecosystem in which all its components, including plants, animals, and their environment, interact harmoniously, allowing the ecosystem to function properly.
Example: The introduction of an invasive species can disrupt the ecosystem balance and harm native species.

7. Ecological impact (noun) /ˌikəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈɪmˌpækt/: The effect of human activities or natural events on the health and stability of ecosystems and the organisms living within them.
Example: Deforestation has a significant ecological impact on wildlife, as it destroys their habitats and disrupts the balance of ecosystems.

8. Keystone species (noun) /ˈkistəʊn ˈspiːʃiːz/: A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure and function of an ecosystem, and whose removal would have a significant impact on the ecosystem’s balance.
Example: Sea otters are a keystone species in kelp forest ecosystems, as they help control sea urchin populations, which, in turn, benefits kelp growth.

9. Habitat destruction (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt dɪˈstrʌkʃən/: The process of natural environments being damaged, degraded, or eliminated due to human activities or natural events, resulting in the loss of living spaces for plants and animals.
Example: Urban expansion and deforestation are major causes of habitat destruction, putting many species at risk of extinction.

10. Human activities (noun) /ˈhjuːmən ækˈtɪvɪtiz/: Actions performed by people that can impact the environment, ecosystems, and other species, both positively and negatively.
Example: Human activities, such as pollution and overfishing, can threaten the survival of marine species and disrupt the balance of ocean ecosystems.

Types of Endangered Species

1. Mammals (noun) /ˈmæməlz/: Warm-blooded animals with hair or fur on their bodies, which give birth to live young and usually feed them with milk.
Example: Whales, elephants, and humans are all examples of mammals.

2. Birds (noun) /bɜrdz/: Warm-blooded animals with feathers, which lay eggs and usually have wings for flying.
Example: Eagles, penguins, and parrots are all different types of birds.

3. Reptiles (noun) /ˈrɛptʌɪlz/: Cold-blooded animals with scales, which usually lay eggs, and include snakes, lizards, and turtles.
Example: The Galápagos tortoise is a famous example of a reptile species.

4. Amphibians (noun) /æmˈfɪbiənz/: Cold-blooded animals that can live both on land and in water, and typically have a two-stage life cycle, including frogs, toads, and salamanders.
Example: The poison dart frog is a brightly colored, toxic amphibian found in Central and South America.

5. Fish (noun) /fɪʃ/: Cold-blooded aquatic animals with gills for breathing and fins for swimming, which often lay eggs.
Example: Salmon, sharks, and clownfish are all examples of fish species.

6. Invertebrates (noun) /ɪnˈvɜrtəbrətz/: Animals without a backbone, which make up the majority of animal species, and include insects, spiders, and mollusks.
Example: Jellyfish, snails, and butterflies are different types of invertebrates.

7. Plants (noun) /plænts/: Living organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis, and which typically have roots, stems, and leaves.
Example: Trees, flowers, and grass are all different types of plants.

8. Insects (noun) /ˈɪnsɛkts/: Small invertebrates with six legs, a three-part body, and usually one or two pairs of wings, which make up the largest group of animals on Earth.
Example: Bees, ants, and ladybugs are all examples of insects.

9. Marine species (noun) /məˈrin ˈspiːʃiːz/: Animals and plants that live in the ocean or other saltwater environments.
Example: Coral reefs are home to a diverse array of marine species, including fish, sea turtles, and crustaceans.

10. Terrestrial species (noun) /təˈrɛstriəl ˈspiːʃiːz/: Animals and plants that live primarily on land, in a variety of habitats such as forests, grasslands, and deserts.
Example: Kangaroos, giraffes, and cacti are all examples of terrestrial species found in different parts of the world.

Causes of Endangerment

1. Habitat loss (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt lɔs/: The disappearance or reduction of natural environments that provide homes for plants and animals, often due to human activities or natural disasters.
Example: Many endangered species struggle to survive because of habitat loss caused by urban development and agriculture.

2. Climate change (noun) /ˈklaɪmət ʧeɪndʒ/: The long-term alteration of Earth’s weather patterns and temperatures, often caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Example: Polar bears are at risk of extinction due to climate change, which is causing the sea ice they depend on for hunting to shrink.

3. Pollution (noun) /pəˈluʃən/: The contamination of air, water, or soil by harmful substances, often resulting from human activities like manufacturing, transportation, and waste disposal.
Example: The release of toxic chemicals into rivers can cause pollution that threatens the survival of fish and other aquatic species.

4. Hunting and poaching (noun) /ˈhʌntɪŋ ænd ˈpoʊʧɪŋ/: The act of killing or capturing wild animals, either legally (hunting) or illegally (poaching), for various purposes such as food, sport, or trade.
Example: The African rhino is facing extinction due to illegal hunting and poaching for its valuable horn.

5. Overfishing (noun) /ˌoʊvərˈfɪʃɪŋ/: The practice of catching fish at a faster rate than they can naturally reproduce, which leads to a decline in their populations and disrupts the balance of marine ecosystems.
Example: Many shark species are at risk of extinction because of overfishing for their fins, which are used in traditional dishes like shark fin soup.

6. Deforestation (noun) /ˌdiːfɔrˈsteɪʃən/: The removal of large areas of forest, typically for human activities such as logging, agriculture, or urban development.
Example: Orangutans are losing their habitats due to deforestation for palm oil production in their native rainforests.

7. Invasive species (noun) /ɪnˈveɪsɪv ˈspiːʃiːz/: Non-native plants or animals that are introduced to a new environment and can cause harm to native species and ecosystems by competing for resources or spreading diseases.
Example: The introduction of the invasive species Asian carp has negatively affected native fish populations in many American rivers.

8. Disease (noun) /dɪˈziz/: An illness or infection that affects the health of plants or animals, which can sometimes lead to population declines or even extinctions.
Example: The chytrid fungus is a deadly disease that has caused a decline in many amphibian species worldwide.

9. Genetic factors (noun) /dʒəˈnɛtɪk ˈfæktərz/: Inherited traits or mutations that can influence the survival and reproduction of plants and animals, and may contribute to their risk of extinction.
Example: Cheetah populations are vulnerable to extinction because of genetic factors such as low genetic diversity, which makes them less adaptable to changes in their environment.

10. Human disturbance (noun) /ˈhjuːmən dɪˈstɜrbəns/: Activities or actions by people that disrupt the natural behavior, habitats, or populations of plants and animals.
Example: The nesting habitats of sea turtles are often affected by human disturbance from beach development and artificial lighting, which can disorient hatchlings and prevent them from reaching the ocean.

Endangered Species Conservation

1. Wildlife sanctuaries (noun) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈsæŋktʃuˌɛriz/: Areas set aside for the protection and preservation of animals in their natural habitats, where human activities are limited or controlled.
Example: The elephant wildlife sanctuary provides a safe haven for these animals to live free from the threats of poaching and habitat loss.

2. National parks (noun) /ˈnæʃənəl pɑrks/: Government-established areas of land and water that aim to preserve natural ecosystems, protect wildlife, and provide opportunities for public enjoyment and education.
Example: Yellowstone, one of the most famous national parks, is home to a diverse array of species, including grizzly bears and wolves.

3. Protected areas (noun) /prəˈtɛktɪd ˈɛəriəz/: Regions designated by governments or organizations to safeguard natural resources, habitats, and biodiversity from human activities and development.
Example: The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is one of the world’s largest protected areas, spanning over 344,000 square kilometers.

4. Species recovery programs (noun) /ˈspiːʃiːz rɪˈkʌvəri ˈproʊgræmz/: Initiatives designed to help endangered animals or plants recover their populations and restore their habitats.
Example: The California condor species recovery program has helped to increase the number of these critically endangered birds through captive breeding and release efforts.

5. Captive breeding (noun) /ˈkæptɪv ˈbriːdɪŋ/: The practice of mating endangered animals in controlled environments, such as zoos or conservation centers, with the goal of increasing their population numbers and eventually reintroducing them into the wild.
Example: The captive breeding program for the black-footed ferret has helped to prevent this species from going extinct.

6. Habitat restoration (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt rɛˌstɔrəˈʃən/: The process of repairing or rebuilding damaged or destroyed natural environments to support the survival and recovery of native plants and animals.
Example: Wetland habitat restoration projects can provide crucial breeding grounds for endangered amphibians like the California red-legged frog.

7. Conservation organizations (noun) /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz/: Groups or institutions dedicated to the protection, management, and restoration of natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity.
Example: The World Wildlife Fund is one of many conservation organizations that work to protect endangered species and their habitats around the globe.

8. International agreements (noun) /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl əˈgriːmənts/ (e.g., CITES): Formal arrangements between countries that establish rules or guidelines for the conservation and sustainable use of resources, such as the trade in endangered species.
Example: CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, is an international agreement that aims to prevent the overexploitation of threatened animals and plants by regulating their trade.

9. Conservation research (noun) /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən rɪˈsɜrʧ/: The study of ecosystems, species, and their interactions to inform and guide the development of effective strategies for protecting and preserving biodiversity.
Example: Scientists conducting conservation research discovered that the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park had a positive impact on the park’s ecosystem, benefiting both flora and fauna.

Famous Endangered Species

1. Giant panda (noun) /ˈdʒaɪənt ˈpændə/: A large, black-and-white bear native to the bamboo forests of China, known for its distinctive markings and gentle nature. This species is endangered due to habitat loss and low birth rates.
Example: The giant panda is a symbol of wildlife conservation and is often used as a mascot for various environmental campaigns.

2. Bengal tiger (noun) /ˈbɛŋɡəl ˈtaɪɡər/: A subspecies of tiger found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, known for its vibrant orange coat with black stripes. The Bengal tiger is endangered due to habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.
Example: The Bengal tiger is the most numerous tiger subspecies, but its population has declined significantly in the past century.

3. African elephant (noun) /ˈæfrɪkən ˈɛlɪfənt/: The world’s largest land mammal, native to various habitats in Africa, including savannas, forests, and deserts. African elephants are threatened by habitat loss, poaching for ivory, and human-elephant conflict.
Example: The African elephant plays an important role in shaping its ecosystem by dispersing seeds, creating clearings, and digging waterholes.

4. Black rhinoceros (noun) /blæk ˌraɪˈnɒsərəs/: A large herbivorous mammal found in parts of Africa, characterized by its thick skin, two horns on its snout, and a hooked-shaped upper lip. The black rhinoceros is critically endangered due to poaching and habitat loss.
Example: Conservation efforts for the black rhinoceros include anti-poaching initiatives and habitat restoration programs.

5. Blue whale (noun) /blu ˈweɪl/: The largest animal on Earth, found in oceans worldwide, known for its immense size and distinctive blue-gray color. Blue whales are endangered due to past whaling activities and current threats such as ship strikes and climate change.
Example: The blue whale can grow up to 100 feet long and has a heart the size of a small car.

6. Mountain gorilla (noun) /ˈmaʊntən ɡəˈrɪlə/: A subspecies of gorilla found in the mountainous forests of central Africa, recognized by its thick fur and strong social bonds. Mountain gorillas are critically endangered due to habitat loss, disease, and poaching.
Example: Dian Fossey’s study of mountain gorillas in Rwanda helped raise awareness about their plight and the need for conservation efforts.

7. Leatherback turtle (noun) /ˈlɛðərˌbæk ˈtɜrtl/: The largest sea turtle species, known for its leathery, flexible shell and powerful front flippers. Leatherback turtles are endangered due to habitat loss, fishing gear entanglement, and pollution.
Example: The leatherback turtle has the longest migration of any sea turtle, traveling thousands of miles between feeding and nesting grounds.

8. Sumatran orangutan (noun) /suˈmɑːtrən ˌɒrəŋˈuːtæn/: A species of great ape native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, known for its reddish-brown fur and arboreal lifestyle. The Sumatran orangutan is critically endangered due to deforestation and habitat loss from palm oil plantations.
Example: The Sumatran orangutan shares over 96% of its DNA with humans and is known for its intelligence and complex social structure.

9. Snow leopard (noun) /snoʊ ˈlɛpərd/: A large, elusive wild cat native to the mountain ranges of Central Asia, recognized by its thick fur and distinctive rosette-patterned coat. Snow leopards are endangered due to habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.
Example: The snow leopard is well-adapted to its cold, mountainous habitat, with large paws for walking on snow and a long, thick tail for balance and warmth.

10. California condor (noun) /ˈkælɪˌfɔrnjə ˈkɒndɔr/: A large, critically endangered bird native to North America, known for its impressive wingspan and bald head. The California condor‘s population has declined due to habitat loss, lead poisoning, and collisions with power lines.
Example: The California condor population has increased in recent years thanks to captive breeding programs and therelease of birds back into the wild.

Endangered Species Laws and Regulations

1. Endangered Species Act (noun) /ɛnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiːʃiːz ækt/: A United States law aimed at protecting and recovering plant and animal species facing the risk of extinction, as well as preserving their habitats.
Example: Under the Endangered Species Act, it is illegal to harm or kill listed animals without a special permit.

2. IUCN Red List (noun) /ˌaɪˌjuːˌsiːˌɛn ˈrɛd ˈlɪst/: A comprehensive inventory created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that evaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species worldwide, indicating their risk of extinction.
Example: The IUCN Red List classifies species into categories such as “Least Concern,” “Endangered,” and “Critically Endangered” based on their population trends and threats.

3. CITES (noun) /ˈsaɪtiːz/ (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora): An international agreement between governments aimed at ensuring that the trade of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild.
Example: CITES regulates the trade of endangered species, such as elephants and rhinoceros, to help prevent illegal poaching and overexploitation.

4. Habitat protection laws (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt prəˈtɛkʃən lɔz/: Legal regulations created to preserve and maintain natural environments that provide essential living conditions for wildlife, including food, shelter, and breeding sites.
Example: Habitat protection laws have helped to conserve critical areas for endangered species, such as the nesting beaches of sea turtles.

5. Wildlife trafficking laws (noun) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈtræfɪkɪŋ lɔz/: Legal rules aiming to prevent the illegal trade, transportation, and sale of wild animals and their parts, which often leads to the decline of vulnerable species populations.
Example: Strict wildlife trafficking laws can help deter poachers from targeting endangered animals like tigers for their valuable skins and bones.

6. International conservation treaties (noun) /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl kənˈsɜrveɪʃən ˈtritiːz/: Formal agreements between countries that focus on the protection, preservation, and sustainable use of natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity.
Example: The Ramsar Convention is one of the many international conservation treaties that aim to protect and preserve important wetland habitats around the world.

7. Government agencies for conservation (noun) /ˈɡʌvərnmənt ˈeɪdʒənsiz fər kənˈsɜrveɪʃən/: Public institutions and departments responsible for managing, protecting, and preserving natural resources, ecosystems, and wildlife in a given country or region.
Example: The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is one of the government agencies for conservation that work to protect endangered species and their habitats.

8. Conservation funding initiatives (noun) /kənˈsɜrveɪʃən ˈfʌndɪŋ ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz/: Financial programs and resources provided by governments, organizations, or individuals to support projects and activities aimed at protecting, preserving, and restoring natural resources, habitats, and species.
Example: Many conservation funding initiatives support local communities in their efforts to protect endangered wildlife, such as the Amazonian manatee in Brazil.

9. Environmental impact assessments (noun) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl ˈɪmpækt əˈsɛsmənts/: Systematic evaluations of the potential effects that a proposed development project, such as a new road or dam, may have on the environment, including its impact on wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems.
Example: Environmental impact assessments help identify possible harm to endangered species and their habitats, allowing for the implementation of measures to minimize or avoid negative effects.

Efforts in Species Conservation

1. Conservation breeding programs (noun) /kənˈsɜrveɪʃən ˈbriːdɪŋ ˈproʊˌɡræmz/: Planned efforts to breed endangered species in captivity, with the goal of increasing their population numbers and potentially reintroducing them into the wild.
Example: The conservation breeding program for the California condor has helped increase the bird’s population, saving it from the brink of extinction.

2. Habitat preservation initiatives (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt prɪˌzɜrvəˈʃən ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz/: Projects and efforts aiming to protect and maintain natural areas that provide essential living conditions for wildlife, including food, shelter, and breeding sites.
Example: Local communities have launched habitat preservation initiatives to protect the mangroves, which are crucial for many endangered species like the Bengal tiger.

3. Anti-poaching measures (noun) /ˈæntiːˈpoʊʧɪŋ ˈmɛʒərz/: Actions and strategies implemented to prevent the illegal hunting, killing, or capturing of wildlife, particularly endangered species.
Example: Anti-poaching measures, such as the deployment of park rangers and the use of surveillance technology, help protect elephants from being killed for their ivory.

4. Community-based conservation (noun) /kəˈmjunɪtɪˈbeɪst kənˈsɜrveɪʃən/: Conservation programs that involve local communities in the protection and management of natural resources, habitats, and wildlife to ensure sustainable use and long-term benefits.
Example: Involving indigenous tribes in community-based conservation projects can help preserve rainforests and protect endangered species like the Amazon river dolphin.

5. Sustainable development projects (noun) /səˈsteɪnəbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɒdʒɛkts/: Initiatives that aim to meet human needs while preserving the natural environment and supporting the well-being of wildlife and ecosystems.
Example: Sustainable development projects like ecologically-friendly agriculture can help protect endangered species’ habitats while providing food for local communities.

6. Conservation education programs (noun) /kənˈsɜrveɪʃən ˌɛdʒʊˈkeɪʃən ˈproʊˌɡræmz/: Initiatives that teach people about the importance of protecting and preserving natural resources, habitats, and wildlife, often targeting schools, communities, and tourists.
Example: Conservation education programs help raise awareness about the plight of endangered species like the sea turtle and encourage people to support their protection.

7. Monitoring and research initiatives (noun) /ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ ənd rɪˈsɜrtʃ ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz/: Programs and studies aimed at collecting data on wildlife populations, habitats, and ecosystems, to inform and improve conservation efforts.
Example: Monitoring and research initiatives track the movements and population trends of endangered species like the snow leopard, helping to identify potential threats and conservation strategies.

8. Ecotourism and sustainable tourism (noun) /ˈikoʊˌtʊrɪzəm ənd səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈtʊrɪzəm/: Responsible travel practices that focus on preserving the environment, supporting local communities, and protecting wildlife, while minimizing negative impacts on ecosystems and species.
Example: Ecotourism and sustainable tourism can provide alternative sources of income for local communities, reducing their reliance on activities harmful to endangered species like the orangutan.

9. Wildlife rescue and rehabilitation (noun) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈrɛskjuː ənd ˌriːəˈbɪlɪˌteɪʃən/: The process of caring for injured, sick, or orphaned wild animals, with the goal of returning them to their natural habitat when they are healthy and strong enough.
Example: Wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centers help save injured and orphaned animals like the slow loris, providing them with medical care and a safe environment to recover.

10. Species-specific conservation plans (noun) /ˈspiːʃiːzˈspɛsɪfɪk kənˈsɜrveɪʃən plænz/: Targeted strategies designed to address the unique threats and challenges faced by a particular endangered species, including habitat loss, poaching, and disease.
Example: A species-specific conservation plan for the black rhinoceros focuses on anti-poaching efforts, habitat protection, and community engagement to ensure its survival.

Endangered Species Terminology

1. Endangered status (noun) /ɛnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈstætəs/: A classification given to a species when its population is at risk of becoming extinct due to various factors, such as habitat loss or human activity.
Example: The giant panda’s endangered status has prompted numerous conservation efforts to protect its habitat and ensure its survival.

2. Critically endangered (adjective) /ˈkrɪtɪkəli ɛnˈdeɪnʤərd/: A category used to describe a species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future.
Example: The vaquita, a small porpoise found in the Gulf of California, is considered critically endangered due to fishing activities and habitat loss.

3. Vulnerable (adjective) /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/: A term used to describe a species that faces a high risk of extinction in the wild, although not as severe as critically endangered or endangered species.
Example: Polar bears are considered vulnerable due to the rapid loss of Arctic sea ice caused by climate change.

4. Extinct in the wild (adjective) /ɪkˈstɪŋkt ɪn ðə waɪld/: A classification given to a species that no longer exists in its natural habitat but is still alive in captivity or managed populations.
Example: The Hawaiian crow is considered extinct in the wild, but efforts are being made to reintroduce captive-bred individuals back into their native habitat.

5. Habitat fragmentation (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt ˌfræɡmənˈteɪʃən/: The process of breaking up large, continuous habitats into smaller, isolated areas, often due to human activities like deforestation and development.
Example: Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to the survival of many endangered species, such as the Florida panther, as it makes it difficult for them to find food and mates.

6. Conservation genetics (noun) /kənˈsɜrveɪʃən ʤəˈnɛtɪks/: The study of genetic diversity within species and populations, with the aim of informing conservation efforts and helping to maintain healthy, sustainable populations of threatened wildlife.
Example: Conservation genetics research helps scientists understand the genetic makeup of the endangered Amur leopard, guiding breeding programs and conservation strategies.

7. Habitat corridors (noun) /ˈhæbɪtæt ˈkɔrɪdərz/: Strips of land or protected areas that connect isolated habitats, allowing wildlife to move more freely and increasing their chances of survival.
Example: Creating habitat corridors between fragmented forest patches can help endangered species, like the jaguar, travel safely to find food and mates.

8. Species recovery plan (noun) /ˈspiːʃiːz rɪˈkʌvəri plæn/: A strategic plan designed to help an endangered or threatened species recover and increase its population, typically involving habitat protection, breeding programs, and other conservation measures.
Example: The species recovery plan for the whooping crane has helped increase its population through captive breeding and habitat restoration.

9. Red-listed species (noun) /ˈrɛd ˈlɪstɪd ˈspiːʃiːz/: Species that have been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and are classified as being at risk of extinction, including vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered categories.
Example: The IUCN regularly updates its list of red-listed species to inform conservation efforts and raise awareness about the need to protect threatened wildlife.

10. Population viability analysis (noun) /pəˌpjuːleɪʃən vaɪəˈbɪlɪti əˈnæləsɪs/: A scientific method used to estimate the probability of a species or population surviving over a certain period of time, taking into account factors such as population size, reproduction rates, and environmental threats.
Example: A population viability analysis of the Sumatran tiger showed that its small population and fragmented habitat make it highly vulnerable to extinction.

Congratulations on expanding your English vocabulary for endangered species! Now you can identify and discuss different animals that are at risk of extinction, understand the causes of endangerment, and contribute to their conservation. Remember to spread awareness, support conservation efforts, and make choices that help protect these incredible creatures. Together, we can work towards a future where endangered species thrive.

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